Gregerson v. Vilana Financial, Inc.

Gregerson is a photographer who maintains a website containing his professional photographs. Vilana Financial, Inc. used two of Gregerson's pictures without permission in phone-book and web advertisements, and print advertisements in a local Russian-language newspaper. Gregerson discovered Vilana's use of his photographs and contacted the company asking for compensation. Vilana refused, claiming that it purchased the photographs from a third party (neither party was able to locate this third party during the subsequent litigation).

Gregerson devoted a portion of his website to a discussion of the disagreement over the photographs. On it, he claimed that Andrew Vilenchik had published two of his photos without permission in a series of ads for Vilana. Along with the text, Gregerson posted a photograph of Vilenchik.

On October 4, 2005, Vilenchik's attorney sent Gregerson a letter demanding that the webpage be removed or he would file a lawsuit for defamation.

Vilana initially sued Gregerson for defamation in Minnesota state court on October 24, 2005. Gregerson then filed suit against Vilana and Vilenchik in the United States District Court for the District of Minnesota on March 27, 2006, claiming copyright infringement. The Vilana state-court action was removed and consolidated with the federal action, and Vilana and Vilenchik counterclaimed for deceptive trade practices, trademark infringement (including cybersquatting), interference with business and contractual relationships, appropriation, and unjust enrichment. The defendants abandoned the defamation claim.

On August 15, 2006, the federal district court denied Vilana and Vilenchik's motion to dismiss the copyright claim and their motion to remand the state-law claims.

On September 18, 2006, Gregerson moved to dismiss the plaintiff's counterclaims against him, arguing that the counterclaims violated Minnesota's anti-SLAPP statute (Minn. Stat. § 554.01-05). The court denied the motion on November 17, 2006. Gregerson v. Vilana Financial, Inc., 446 F.Supp.2d 1053, 1059 (D. Minn. 2006).

On August 31, 2007, the district court granted Vilenchik's motion for summary judgment, holding that he could not be held liable in his personal capacity for Vilana's corporate actions. The federal district court granted partial summary judgment for Gregerson on his copyright claim against Vilana, holding that there was no triable issue of fact regarding Vilana's infringement of Gregerson's exclusive rights in his photographs, but reserving the issue of damages for trial. It also granted summary judgment for Gregerson on Vilana's counterclaim for trademark infringement and cybersquatting, holding that Gregerson's use of Vilana's trademarks as website metatags did not create a likelihood of confusion, and that Vilana failed to establish that Gregerson had a bad faith intent to profit by using its trademarks in a domain name. Gregerson v. Vilana Financial, Inc., Civil No. 06-1164, 2007 WL 2509718 (D. Minn. Aug. 31, 2007).

Minnesota law provides a claim for deceptive trade practices when a person, in the course of a business, vocation or occupation, disparages the goods, services, or business of another by false or misleading representations of fact. The federal district court denied summary judgment to Gregerson on Vilana's deceptive trade practices counterclaim, find that there was evidence that Gregerson had posted comments on his website, and allowed others to post comments, indicating that the defendants were thieves, members of the Russian mafia, and actively engaged in fraudulent business practices and predatory lending. Gregerson v. Vilana Financial, Inc., Civil No. 06-1164, 2007 WL 2509718 (D. Minn. Aug. 31, 2007).

The court also denied Gregerson's motion for summary judgment on the interference with business and contractual relationship and appropriation of likeness counterclaims. Gregerson v. Vilana Financial, Inc., Civil No. 06-1164, 2007 WL 2509718 (D. Minn. Aug. 31, 2007).

Updates:

8/15/2006 - The federal district court denied Vilana and Vilenchik's motion to dismiss Gregerson's copyright claim.

11/17/2006 -The federal district court denied Gregerson's motion to dismiss Vilana and Vilenchik's counterclaims based on Minnesota's anti-SLAPP statute.

8/31/2007 - The federal district court granted summary judgment for Vilenchik, case dismissed as to him;

8/31/2007 - The federal district court granted partial summary judgment for Gregerson on his copyright claim and on Vilana's counterclaim for trademark infringement, cybersquatting, and unjust enrichment, and denied Gregerson summary judgment on the the deceptive trade practices, interference with business and contractual relationships, and appropriation of likeness counterclaims.

2/15/2008- After a bench trial, the court awarded Gregerson $19,462 on his copyright claim and denied all counterclaims against him.